See τραχύς in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākheóstrakos",
"word": "τρᾱχεόστρᾰκος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhéōs",
"word": "τρᾱχέως"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhóomai",
"word": "τρᾱχόομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trā́khouros",
"word": "τρᾱ́χουρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhubatéō",
"word": "τρᾱχῠβᾰτέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhúdermos",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́δερμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhudérmōn",
"word": "τρᾱχῠδέρμων"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhúnō",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́νω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhuódous",
"word": "τρᾱχῠόδους"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhuóstrakos",
"word": "τρᾱχῠόστρᾰκος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhúpous",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́πους"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhústomos",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́στομος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhútēs",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́της"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhúphloios",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́φλοιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhúphōnos",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́φωνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhṓdēs",
"word": "τρᾱχώδης"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trā́khōma",
"word": "τρᾱ́χωμᾰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhṓn",
"word": "τρᾱχών"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "τραχύς"
},
"expansion": "Greek: τραχύς (trachýs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: τραχύς (trachýs)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "from ellipsis of <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ</i> (trākheîa artēríā, “rough artery”)"
},
"expansion": "(from ellipsis of τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (trākheîa artēríā, “rough artery”))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "trāchīa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Late Latin: trāchīa\nMedieval Latin: trāchēa\nMiddle English:\nEnglish: trachea",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "(from ellipsis of τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (trākheîa artēríā, “rough artery”)) → Late Latin: trāchīa\nMedieval Latin: trāchēa\nMiddle English:\nEnglish: trachea"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreh₂gʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*tʰrākʰús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *tʰrākʰús",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀲𐀨𐀐𐀹",
"3": "𐀲𐀨𐀐𐀹(𐀊)"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀲𐀨𐀐𐀹(𐀊) (ta-ra-ke-wi-(-ja-))",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰréh₂gʰ-us ~ *dʰr̥h₂gʰ-éws",
"5": "rough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰréh₂gʰ-us ~ *dʰr̥h₂gʰ-éws (“rough”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *tʰrākʰús (whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀲𐀨𐀐𐀹(𐀊) (ta-ra-ke-wi-(-ja-))), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréh₂gʰ-us ~ *dʰr̥h₂gʰ-éws (“rough”), from *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to irritate”). Compare θρᾱ́σσω (thrā́ssō).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́ς",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "trākhús",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖᾰ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́ς",
"roman": "trākhús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖᾰ",
"roman": "trākheîa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́",
"roman": "trākhú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾱ",
"roman": "trākheíā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖς",
"roman": "trākheîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖαι",
"roman": "trākheîai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέᾰ",
"roman": "trākhéa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέος",
"roman": "trākhéos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾱς",
"roman": "trākheíās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέος",
"roman": "trākhéos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέοιν",
"roman": "trākhéoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείαιν",
"roman": "trākheíain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέοιν",
"roman": "trākhéoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέων",
"roman": "trākhéōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχειῶν",
"roman": "trākheiôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέων",
"roman": "trākhéōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖ",
"roman": "trākheî",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾳ",
"roman": "trākheíāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖ",
"roman": "trākheî",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέοιν",
"roman": "trākhéoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείαιν",
"roman": "trākheíain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέοιν",
"roman": "trākhéoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέσῐ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέσῐν",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trākhési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trākhésin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείαις",
"roman": "trākheíais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέσῐ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέσῐν",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trākhési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trākhésin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́ν",
"roman": "trākhún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖᾰν",
"roman": "trākheîan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́",
"roman": "trākhú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾱ",
"roman": "trākheíā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖς",
"roman": "trākheîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾱς",
"roman": "trākheíās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέᾰ",
"roman": "trākhéa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́",
"roman": "trākhú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖᾰ",
"roman": "trākheîa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́",
"roman": "trākhú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾱ",
"roman": "trākheíā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖς",
"roman": "trākheîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖαι",
"roman": "trākheîai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέᾰ",
"roman": "trākhéa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέως",
"roman": "trākhéōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́τερος",
"roman": "trākhúteros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́τᾰτος",
"roman": "trākhútatos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "τρᾱχῠ́ς",
"2": "τρᾱχεῖᾰ"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhuntikós",
"word": "τρᾱχῠντῐκός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trā́khusma",
"word": "τρᾱ́χῠσμᾰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhusmós",
"word": "τρᾱχῠσμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhuphōnéō",
"word": "τρᾱχῠφωνέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhuphōníā",
"word": "τρᾱχῠφωνῐ́ᾱ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trākhōmatikós",
"word": "τρᾱχωμᾰτῐκός"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.5"
},
{
"text": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 9.9"
},
{
"text": "371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Senses 65"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jagged"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-GWNnCA6O",
"links": [
[
"jagged",
"jagged"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.32e"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prickly"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-UOuII~cl",
"links": [
[
"prickly",
"prickly"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.5"
},
{
"text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.14"
},
{
"text": "460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.23"
},
{
"text": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 726"
},
{
"text": "480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 1083"
},
{
"text": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 4.10"
},
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Titus Flamininus 4"
},
{
"text": "380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 328e"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rugged"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-49IApd0i",
"links": [
[
"rugged",
"rugged"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Diseases 2.63"
},
{
"text": "129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.418"
},
{
"text": "Diocl., Fr. 26"
},
{
"text": "50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 2.16"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj--BHrXFbu",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 408d"
},
{
"text": "366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 194e"
},
{
"text": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.10.1"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shaggy"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-vHHeI0FC",
"links": [
[
"shaggy",
"shaggy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 4 10 2 3 15 10 10 10 10 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 7 0 0 17 12 12 12 12 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 7 0 0 17 12 12 12 12 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 581a.18"
},
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Gaius Marius 14"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cracking"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-Mf06GnQZ",
"links": [
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"boy",
"boy"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of the voice of boys) cracking"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the voice of boys"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.6.9"
},
{
"text": "64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 14.2.28"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-vYePoik9",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"harsh",
"(of a person)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"tags": []
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, Po.Herc. 994.32"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-vYePoik91",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"harsh",
"(of sounds)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sounds"
],
"tags": []
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 119"
},
{
"text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 4.17"
},
{
"text": "556 BCE – 468 BCE, Simonides, Fragmenta 89"
},
{
"text": "Tyrt., 12.22"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-vYePoik91",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"harsh",
"(of battle and conflict)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of battle and conflict"
],
"tags": []
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 1048"
},
{
"text": "360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 84c"
},
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 60"
},
{
"text": "300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.1078"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-vYePoik91",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"harsh",
"(of natural forces)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of natural forces"
],
"tags": []
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 67c"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-vYePoik91",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 4.96"
},
{
"text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 7.76"
},
{
"text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 8.10"
},
{
"text": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 35"
},
{
"text": "458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1421"
},
{
"text": "467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 1049"
},
{
"text": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 313"
},
{
"text": "431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 447"
},
{
"text": "360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 63e"
},
{
"text": "428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 864c"
},
{
"text": "386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 406a"
},
{
"text": "380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 452c"
},
{
"text": "436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 7.18"
},
{
"text": "638 BCE – 558 BCE, Solon, Collected Works 4.35"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, harsh, savage"
],
"id": "en-τραχύς-grc-adj-ur8vOgJL",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
]
],
"qualifier": "their acts; feelings; or conditions; their acts; feelings; or conditions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of persons, their acts, feelings, or conditions) rough, harsh, savage"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of persons"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/traː.kʰýs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈçys/"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈçis/"
},
{
"ipa": "/traː.kʰýs/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈkʰys/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈçys/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈçys/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈçis/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "trēkhús",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "τρηχῠ́ς"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Ionic"
}
],
"word": "τραχύς"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰreh₂gʰ-",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "trākheóstrakos",
"word": "τρᾱχεόστρᾰκος"
},
{
"roman": "trākhéōs",
"word": "τρᾱχέως"
},
{
"roman": "trākhóomai",
"word": "τρᾱχόομαι"
},
{
"roman": "trā́khouros",
"word": "τρᾱ́χουρος"
},
{
"roman": "trākhubatéō",
"word": "τρᾱχῠβᾰτέω"
},
{
"roman": "trākhúdermos",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́δερμος"
},
{
"roman": "trākhudérmōn",
"word": "τρᾱχῠδέρμων"
},
{
"roman": "trākhúnō",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́νω"
},
{
"roman": "trākhuódous",
"word": "τρᾱχῠόδους"
},
{
"roman": "trākhuóstrakos",
"word": "τρᾱχῠόστρᾰκος"
},
{
"roman": "trākhúpous",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́πους"
},
{
"roman": "trākhústomos",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́στομος"
},
{
"roman": "trākhútēs",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́της"
},
{
"roman": "trākhúphloios",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́φλοιος"
},
{
"roman": "trākhúphōnos",
"word": "τρᾱχῠ́φωνος"
},
{
"roman": "trākhṓdēs",
"word": "τρᾱχώδης"
},
{
"roman": "trā́khōma",
"word": "τρᾱ́χωμᾰ"
},
{
"roman": "trākhṓn",
"word": "τρᾱχών"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "τραχύς"
},
"expansion": "Greek: τραχύς (trachýs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: τραχύς (trachýs)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "from ellipsis of <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ</i> (trākheîa artēríā, “rough artery”)"
},
"expansion": "(from ellipsis of τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (trākheîa artēríā, “rough artery”))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "trāchīa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Late Latin: trāchīa\nMedieval Latin: trāchēa\nMiddle English:\nEnglish: trachea",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "(from ellipsis of τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (trākheîa artēríā, “rough artery”)) → Late Latin: trāchīa\nMedieval Latin: trāchēa\nMiddle English:\nEnglish: trachea"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreh₂gʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*tʰrākʰús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *tʰrākʰús",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀲𐀨𐀐𐀹",
"3": "𐀲𐀨𐀐𐀹(𐀊)"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀲𐀨𐀐𐀹(𐀊) (ta-ra-ke-wi-(-ja-))",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰréh₂gʰ-us ~ *dʰr̥h₂gʰ-éws",
"5": "rough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰréh₂gʰ-us ~ *dʰr̥h₂gʰ-éws (“rough”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *tʰrākʰús (whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀲𐀨𐀐𐀹(𐀊) (ta-ra-ke-wi-(-ja-))), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréh₂gʰ-us ~ *dʰr̥h₂gʰ-éws (“rough”), from *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to irritate”). Compare θρᾱ́σσω (thrā́ssō).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́ς",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "trākhús",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖᾰ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́ς",
"roman": "trākhús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖᾰ",
"roman": "trākheîa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́",
"roman": "trākhú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾱ",
"roman": "trākheíā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖς",
"roman": "trākheîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖαι",
"roman": "trākheîai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέᾰ",
"roman": "trākhéa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέος",
"roman": "trākhéos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾱς",
"roman": "trākheíās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέος",
"roman": "trākhéos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέοιν",
"roman": "trākhéoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείαιν",
"roman": "trākheíain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέοιν",
"roman": "trākhéoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέων",
"roman": "trākhéōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχειῶν",
"roman": "trākheiôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέων",
"roman": "trākhéōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖ",
"roman": "trākheî",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾳ",
"roman": "trākheíāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖ",
"roman": "trākheî",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέοιν",
"roman": "trākhéoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείαιν",
"roman": "trākheíain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέοιν",
"roman": "trākhéoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέσῐ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέσῐν",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trākhési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trākhésin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείαις",
"roman": "trākheíais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέσῐ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέσῐν",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trākhési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trākhésin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́ν",
"roman": "trākhún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖᾰν",
"roman": "trākheîan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́",
"roman": "trākhú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾱ",
"roman": "trākheíā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖς",
"roman": "trākheîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾱς",
"roman": "trākheíās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέᾰ",
"roman": "trākhéa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́",
"roman": "trākhú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖᾰ",
"roman": "trākheîa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́",
"roman": "trākhú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχείᾱ",
"roman": "trākheíā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέε",
"roman": "trākhée",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖς",
"roman": "trākheîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχεῖαι",
"roman": "trākheîai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέᾰ",
"roman": "trākhéa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχέως",
"roman": "trākhéōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́τερος",
"roman": "trākhúteros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "τρᾱχῠ́τᾰτος",
"roman": "trākhútatos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "τρᾱχῠ́ς",
"2": "τρᾱχεῖᾰ"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "trākhuntikós",
"word": "τρᾱχῠντῐκός"
},
{
"roman": "trā́khusma",
"word": "τρᾱ́χῠσμᾰ"
},
{
"roman": "trākhusmós",
"word": "τρᾱχῠσμός"
},
{
"roman": "trākhuphōnéō",
"word": "τρᾱχῠφωνέω"
},
{
"roman": "trākhuphōníā",
"word": "τρᾱχῠφωνῐ́ᾱ"
},
{
"roman": "trākhōmatikós",
"word": "τρᾱχωμᾰτῐκός"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.5"
},
{
"text": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 9.9"
},
{
"text": "371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Senses 65"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jagged"
],
"links": [
[
"jagged",
"jagged"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.32e"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prickly"
],
"links": [
[
"prickly",
"prickly"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.5"
},
{
"text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.14"
},
{
"text": "460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.23"
},
{
"text": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 726"
},
{
"text": "480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 1083"
},
{
"text": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 4.10"
},
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Titus Flamininus 4"
},
{
"text": "380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 328e"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rugged"
],
"links": [
[
"rugged",
"rugged"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Diseases 2.63"
},
{
"text": "129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.418"
},
{
"text": "Diocl., Fr. 26"
},
{
"text": "50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 2.16"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 408d"
},
{
"text": "366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 194e"
},
{
"text": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.10.1"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shaggy"
],
"links": [
[
"shaggy",
"shaggy"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 581a.18"
},
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Gaius Marius 14"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cracking"
],
"links": [
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"boy",
"boy"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of the voice of boys) cracking"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the voice of boys"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.6.9"
},
{
"text": "64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 14.2.28"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"harsh",
"(of a person)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"tags": []
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, Po.Herc. 994.32"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"harsh",
"(of sounds)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sounds"
],
"tags": []
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 119"
},
{
"text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 4.17"
},
{
"text": "556 BCE – 468 BCE, Simonides, Fragmenta 89"
},
{
"text": "Tyrt., 12.22"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"harsh",
"(of battle and conflict)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of battle and conflict"
],
"tags": []
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 1048"
},
{
"text": "360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 84c"
},
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 60"
},
{
"text": "300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.1078"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"harsh",
"(of natural forces)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of natural forces"
],
"tags": []
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 67c"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 4.96"
},
{
"text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 7.76"
},
{
"text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 8.10"
},
{
"text": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 35"
},
{
"text": "458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1421"
},
{
"text": "467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 1049"
},
{
"text": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 313"
},
{
"text": "431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 447"
},
{
"text": "360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 63e"
},
{
"text": "428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 864c"
},
{
"text": "386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 406a"
},
{
"text": "380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 452c"
},
{
"text": "436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 7.18"
},
{
"text": "638 BCE – 558 BCE, Solon, Collected Works 4.35"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, harsh, savage"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
]
],
"qualifier": "their acts; feelings; or conditions; their acts; feelings; or conditions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of persons, their acts, feelings, or conditions) rough, harsh, savage"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of persons"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/traː.kʰýs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈçys/"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈçis/"
},
{
"ipa": "/traː.kʰýs/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈkʰys/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈçys/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈçys/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/traˈçis/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "trēkhús",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "τρηχῠ́ς"
},
{
"word": "Ionic"
}
],
"word": "τραχύς"
}
Download raw JSONL data for τραχύς meaning in Ancient Greek (15.5kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''harsh'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"τραχύς"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "τραχύς",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: τραχύς/Ancient Greek 'Number' base_tags={'s', 'o', 'n', 'd', 'e', '3', 'i', 'l', 'A', 't', '-', 'c'}",
"path": [
"τραχύς"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "τραχύς",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.